We can analyze the world around us by modeling situations using equations. Modeling means to write down an equation that fits the scenario, and then solve it to find some quantity that is of interest. We can use linear equations to model specific situations.

To solve a modeling problem, we should:

  1. Read the problem from start to finish.

  2. Look for a question within the problem (usually at the end).

  3. Start by writing, "Let x= something." Usually, x is some unknown quantity that the question is asking for.

  4. Reread the question, and try to write down an equation for x that must be true.

  5. Solve the equation.

FLAG

Jim has \[math]96 in his pocket, which is two-thirds of the price of a particular book. How much does the book cost?

EXPLANATION

First, let x= the cost of the book, which is the unknown quantity we're trying to find.

We note that:

  • Jim has \[math]96 in his pocket.

  • Two-thirds of the cost of the book corresponds to \dfrac{2}{3} x.

Since two-thirds of the cost of the book is equal to the amount of money that Jim has, the equation for x is

\dfrac 2 3 x = 96.

We can solve this equation using the multiplication principle:

\begin{align*} \dfrac 2 3 x &= 96 \\[5pt] \dfrac 3 2 \cdot \dfrac 2 3 x &= \dfrac 3 2 \cdot 96 \\[5pt] x &=144 \end{align*}

Therefore, the book costs \[/math]144.

FLAG

Jack bought a pen for $3$ dollars along with four mechanical pencils. He spent a total of $11$ dollars. How much did each pencil cost?

a
$1$ dollars
b
$50$ cents
c
$2$ dollars
d
$4$ dollars
e
$3$ dollars

Triple a number minus $4$ is equal to $17.$ Find the number.

a
$4$
b
$5$
c
$9$
d
$8$
e
$7$

A math test has 10 questions, and each correct answer is worth 3 points. To calculate the final grade, the teacher first subtracts the number of incorrect answers from the total points earned from correct answers and then divides the result by 3. If Ron gets a final grade of 6, how many questions did he answer correctly?

EXPLANATION

Let x= the number of questions Ron answered correctly, which is the unknown quantity we're trying to find.

We note that:

  • The total number of points obtained from the correct answers is 3x.

  • The number of incorrect answers is 10-x.

  • The teacher subtracts the number of incorrect answers from the total points obtained from the correct answers, which gives 3x-(10-x) = 3x-10+x=4x-10.

  • Then, the teacher divides the number obtained above by 3. So, the final grade is \dfrac{4x-10}{3}.

Ron's final grade is 6. So, we have the equation \dfrac{4x-10}{3} = 6.

We can solve this equation using the addition and multiplication principles:

\begin{align*} \dfrac { 4x-10}{3} &= 6 \\[5pt] 3 \cdot \dfrac { 4x - 10}{3} &= 3 \cdot 6 \\[5pt] 4x - 10 &= 18 \\[5pt] 4x - 10 + 10 &= 18 + 10 \\[5pt] 4x &= 28 \\[5pt] x &= 7. \end{align*}

Thus, Ron answered 7 questions correctly.

FLAG

On Tuesday, Haley bought ten pencils to add to her collection. On Wednesday, she lost half of the pencils, leaving her with only fifteen. How many did she have on Monday?

a
$25$
b
$10$
c
$15$
d
$20$
e
$30$

If we subtract $14$ from a certain number and take one-quarter of the result, we obtain twice the number. Find the number.

a
$3$
b
$-2$
c
$7$
d
$-7$
e
$2$

Triple a number is 40 greater than one-third of that number. Find the number.

EXPLANATION

Let x= the number we are being asked to find.

We note that:

  • Triple the number corresponds to 3x.

  • One-third of the number corresponds to \dfrac{x}{3}.

Now, we link both expressions using the fact that the triple the number is 40 greater than one-third of the number, which corresponds to the equation

3x= \dfrac{x}{3} + 40.

We solve the equation using the addition and multiplication principles:

\eqalign{ 3x &= \dfrac{x}{3} + 40 \\[5pt] 3 \cdot 3x &= 3 \cdot \left( \dfrac{x}{3} + 40 \right) \\[5pt] 9x &= 3 \cdot \dfrac{x}{3} + 3 \cdot 40 \\[5pt] 9x &= x + 120 \\[5pt] 9x - x &= x + 120 - x \\[5pt] 8x &= 120 \\[5pt] \dfrac{8x}{8} &= \dfrac{120}{8} \\[5pt] x &= 15 }

Therefore, the number we are interested in is 15.

FLAG

Find a number whose half subtracted from its triple is equal to $25.$

a
$10$
b
$12$
c
$17$
d
$11$
e
$8$

Find a number whose triple subtracted from $42$ is equal to its double plus $12.$

a
$6$
b
$5$
c
$2$
d
$4$
e
$7$
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