The range of a function can be thought of as the set of y -values given by the function's graph. For that reason, it's often helpful to plot the function when determining its range.

For example, consider the linear function

f(x) =3-2x,

where x is any real number. What is the range of f(x) ?

Since this is a linear function, we only need two points to plot it. For example:

  • When x=0, we have y=3. This gives the point (0,3).

  • When x=1, we have y=1. This gives the point (1,1).

Plotting these two points and connecting them, we obtain the following diagram.

Notice that the graph y=f(x) will cover all possible y -values, so the range of the function is

-\infty < y < \infty.

Using interval notation, we can also write the range as (-\infty, \infty).

Let's now look at an example of a linear function with a restricted domain.

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Consider the function f(x) = 2x-1 for x \in (-1,1]. What is its range?

EXPLANATION

First, we graph the function.

Then, we find the smallest and largest y -values on the graph.

  • The smallest y -value is -3. This occurs at the point (-1,-3). However, the graph does not include this point.

  • The largest y -value is 1. This occurs at the point (1,1).

The function covers all the y -values between -3 and 1, including 1 but not including -3.

Therefore, the range is -3 < y \leq 1, which can also be written as

-3 < f(x) \leq 1.

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Consider the linear function $f(x) = x-1,$ where $x$ is any real number. What is its range?

a
$(-\infty, 1)$
b
$ (-\infty, \infty)$
c
$[1,\infty)$
d
$[-1,\infty)$
e
$(-\infty, -1]$

Consider the linear function $f(x) = \dfrac{1}{2}x+1,$ for $x \in (-2,2].$ What is its range?

a
b
c
d
e

Consider the linear function $f(x) = 1 - \dfrac{1}{2}x,$ for $x \in (-2,2].$ What is its range?

a
b
c
d
e

What is the range of the function f(x), shown below?

EXPLANATION

First, we find the smallest and largest y -values in the graph.

  • The smallest y -value is -1. This occurs when x\to \infty. However, note that this point is not included in the graph.
  • There is no largest y -value.

The function covers all the y -values between -1 and \infty, but not including -1.

Therefore, the range is -1 \lt y \lt \infty, which can also be written as -1 \lt f(x) \lt \infty.

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What is the range of the function $f(x),$ shown above?

a
$0\lt f(x) \leq 4$
b
$0 \leq f(x) \lt 4$
c
$0 \lt f(x) \lt 4$
d
$-\infty \lt f(x) \lt 4$
e
$0 \leq f(x) \leq 4$

What is the range of the function $f(x),$ shown above?

a
b
c
d
e

What is the range of the function f(x), shown above?

EXPLANATION

We find the ranges of the individual pieces, and then calculate their union:

  • The range of the branch defined on x\in [-2,1] is [-2,2].

  • The range of the branch defined on x\in (1,5) is (1,3].

Therefore, the range of f(x) is [-2,2] \cup (1,3] = [-2,3].

FLAG

What is the range of the function $f(x),$ shown above?

a
$[-2,3]$
b
$[-2,-1) \cup [1,3)$
c
$(-2,3)$
d
$[-2,3)$
e
$[-2,-1] \cup [1,3]$

What is the range of the function $f(x),$ shown above?

a
b
c
d
e
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