A number is a factor of another number if it divides the number with no remainder.

Let's consider some of the factors of 12\mathbin{:}

  • 3 is a factor of 12 because 3 divides 12 with no remainder:
  • However, 5 is not a factor of 12 because it's not possible to group 12 into 5 s with no remainder:
FLAG

Using the diagram above, determine which of the following numbers is a factor of 12.

  1. 5
  2. 6
  3. 8
EXPLANATION

A number is a factor of another number if it divides the number with no remainder.

The rectangular array in the diagram has a length of {\color{red}{6}}, a width of {\color{blue}2}, and 12 dots in total.

The diagram tells us that we can group 12 into \color{blue}2 groups of \color{red}6 with no remainder. Therefore, \color{blue}2 and \color{red}6 are factors of 12.

From the given options, the correct answer is {\color{red}{6}}.

FLAG

Using the diagram above, determine which of the following numbers is a factor of $14.$

a
$7$
b
$9$
c
$3$
d
$4$
e
$5$

Using the diagram above, determine which of the following numbers is a factor of $18.$

a
$5$
b
$8$
c
$7$
d
$6$
e
$4$

It's important to recognize that the factors of a whole number always include the number itself, and 1.

Let's consider some more factors of 12\mathbin{:}

  • 12 is a factor of 12 because 12 can be grouped into 12 s with no remainder:
  • 1 is a factor of 12 because 12 can be grouped into 1 s with no remainder:
FLAG

Which of the following numbers is a factor of 14?

  1. 4
  2. 5
  3. 7
EXPLANATION

A number is a factor of another number if it divides the number with no remainder.

  • Of the given numbers, only 7 divides 14 with no remainder.

  • The other numbers are not factors of 14. For example, 4 is not a factor of 14 because it's not possible to group 14 into 4 s with no remainder:

    Likewise, 5 is not a factor of 14 because it's not possible to group 14 into 5 s with no remainder:

Therefore, the correct answer is 7.

FLAG

Which of the following numbers is a factor of $15?$

a
$6$
b
$3$
c
$7$
d
$4$
e
$2$

Which of the following numbers is a factor of $20?$

a
$8$
b
$5$
c
$6$
d
$3$
e
$7$

Two numbers form a factor pair of another number if they multiply to give that number.

Let's list all of the factor pairs of 12\mathbin{:}

  • 1 and 12 is a factor pair of 12 because 1\times 12 = 12

  • 2 and 6 is a factor pair of 12 because 2\times 6 = 12

  • 3 and 4 is a factor pair of 12 because 3\times 4 = 12

There are no more factor pairs. So, 12 has 3 factor pairs in total.

When counting the number of factor pairs, we should only count each pair once. We do not get another factor pair by swapping the order of the factors. This means that, for example, the factor pair 6 and 2 is the same as the factor pair 2 and 6.

To check whether two numbers form a factor pair of a third number, we multiply them. Let's see an example.

FLAG

Which of the following are factor pairs of 20?

  1. 2 and 10
  2. 3 and 6
  3. 4 and 5
EXPLANATION

Two numbers form a factor pair of another number if they multiply to give that number.

For example, 2 and 3 is a factor pair of 6 because 2 \times 3 = 6.

With that in mind, let's examine each pair:

  • 2 and 10 is a factor pair of 20 because 2 \times 10 = 20.\qquad{\color{darkgreen}\checkmark}

  • 3 and 6 is not a factor pair of 20 because 3 \times 6 = 18 \neq 20.\qquad{\color{red}\times}

  • 4 and 5 is a factor pair of 20 because 4 \times 5 = 20.\qquad{\color{darkgreen}\checkmark}

Therefore, the correct answer is "I and III only."

Note: The symbol \neq means "not equal to."

FLAG

Which of the following are factor pairs of $22?$

  1. $3$ and $7$
  2. $4$ and $5$
  3. $2$ and $11$
a
I, II, and III
b
I and II only
c
III only
d
II only
e
II and III only

Which of the following are factor pairs of $30?$

  1. $15$ and $2$
  2. $4$ and $5$
  3. $3$ and $10$
a
I and III only
b
II only
c
I only
d
III only
e
I and II only

The factors of 18, from smallest to largest, are shown in the list below. Find the missing factors.

\qquad 1, \qquad \bbox[3pt,border:solid black 1pt]{\phantom{A} } {\phantom{}}\,, \qquad \bbox[3pt,border:solid black 1pt]{\phantom{A} } {\phantom{}}\,, \qquad 6, \qquad 9, \qquad \bbox[3pt,border:solid black 1pt]{\phantom{A} } {\phantom{}}

EXPLANATION

We can express 18 as a product of factor pairs as follows:

\begin{align} 1 \times 18 & = 18\\[5pt] 2 \times 9 & = 18\\[5pt] 3 \times 6 & = 18 \end{align}

Therefore, the factors of 18 are 1, \qquad \bbox[3pt,Gainsboro]{\color{blue}2}, \qquad \bbox[3pt,Gainsboro]{\color{blue}3}, \qquad 6, \qquad 9, \qquad \bbox[3pt,Gainsboro]{\color{blue}18}.

FLAG

The factors of $21,$ from smallest to largest, are shown in the list below. Find the missing factors.

a
b
c
d
e

The factors of $24,$ from smallest to largest, are shown in the list below. Find the missing factors.

a
b
c
d
e
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