Let's consider the rational equation

\dfrac{2}{x}=\dfrac{3}{5}.

When the equation consists of a single rational expression on each side, like the one above, then the easiest way to solve it is usually to use cross-multiplication.

Before we start, though, we note that x=0 cannot be a solution. This is because when x=0 , we get a zero in the denominator on the left-hand side.

Now, let's solve the equation. First, we cross-multiply:

\begin{align} \dfrac{\color{red}2}{\color{blue}x}&=\dfrac{\color{blue}3}{\color{red}5} \\[5pt] {\color{red}{2}} \cdot {\color{red}{5}} & = {\color{blue}{x}} \cdot {\color{blue}{3}} \\[5pt] 10 &=3x \end{align}

Then, we can solve for x using the multiplication principle:

\begin{align*} 10 &=3x \\ \dfrac{10}{3} &=\dfrac{3x}{3} \\ \dfrac{10}{3} &= x \end{align*}

Since x= \dfrac{10}{3} is different from x=0 , we can accept it as a solution. Thus, the solution is x = \dfrac{10}{3}.

FLAG

Solve \dfrac{3}{2x} = \dfrac 9 8.

EXPLANATION

First, note that x=0 cannot be a solution since division by 0 is undefined.

To solve the equation, we first apply cross-multiplication:

\eqalign{ \dfrac{3}{2x} &= \dfrac 9 8 \\[5pt] 3 \cdot 8 &= 2x \cdot 9 \\[5pt] 24 &= 18x }

Then, we apply the multiplication principle:

\eqalign{ 24 &= 18x \\[5pt] \dfrac{24}{18} &= \dfrac{18x}{18} \\[5pt] \dfrac{4}{3} &= x }

Since x = \dfrac{4}{3} is different from x=0, we can accept it as a solution. Thus, the solution is x=\dfrac{4}{3}.

FLAG

Solve the equation $\dfrac 4 x = \dfrac 2 5.$

a
$x=\dfrac{7}{9}$
b
$x=\dfrac{3}{4}$
c
$x=2$
d
$x=\dfrac{19}{11}$
e
$x=10$

The solution to $\dfrac{1}{8} = \dfrac{3}{4a}$ is

a
b
c
d
e

If there is a negative sign in a rational equation, we can still solve it using cross-multiplication. The only difference is that we have to move the negative sign onto the numerator of the fraction first.

For example, let's solve the equation \dfrac{3}{2x} = -\dfrac 9 8 .

This is similar to the equation from the previous example, but this time, there is a negative sign on the right-hand side.

We deal with the negative sign by moving it onto the numerator of the fraction, as follows:

\dfrac{3}{2x} = \dfrac{\color{red}-9}{8} .

Now, we can proceed to solve the equation by cross-multiplication, as usual. (We also note that x=0 cannot be a solution since division by 0 is undefined.) Cross-multiplying, we get

\eqalign{ \dfrac{3}{2x} &= \dfrac{\color{red}-9}{8} \\[5pt] 3 \cdot 8 &= 2x \cdot (-9) \\[5pt] 24 &= -18x }

Then, we apply the multiplication principle:

\eqalign{ 24 &= -18x \\[5pt] \dfrac{24}{-18} &= \dfrac{-18x}{-18} \\[5pt] -\dfrac{4}{3} &= x }

Since x = -\dfrac{4}{3} is different from x=0, we can accept it as a solution. Thus, the solution is x=-\dfrac{4}{3}.

FLAG

Solve -\dfrac{2}{5y} = \dfrac{1}{10}.

EXPLANATION

First, note that y=0 cannot be a solution since division by 0 is undefined.

To solve the equation, we move the negative sign onto the numerator of the fraction and then apply cross-multiplication:

\eqalign{ -\dfrac{2}{5y}&=\dfrac{1}{10}\\ \dfrac{-2}{5y}&=\dfrac{1}{10}\\ (-2) \cdot 10 &= 5y \cdot 1 \\ -20 &= 5y }

Then, we apply the multiplication principle:

\eqalign{ -20 &= 5y \\ \dfrac{-20}{5} &= y \\ -4 &= y }

Since y = -4 is different from y=0, we can accept it as a solution. Therefore, the solution is y=-4.

FLAG

Solve the equation $\dfrac{4}{3a} = -\dfrac{2}{9}.$

a
$a=-6$
b
$a=-2$
c
$a=6$
d
$a=-5$
e
$a=5$

The solution to $-\dfrac{4}{3} = \dfrac{2}{6t}$ is

a
b
c
d
e

Solve \dfrac{3x}{2x+1} = \dfrac 9 8.

EXPLANATION

First, note that the denominator 2x+1 cannot be zero, since division by 0 is undefined. Therefore we cannot have 2x+1=0, which means x=-\dfrac{1}{2} cannot be a solution.

To solve the equation, we first apply cross-multiplication:

\eqalign{ \dfrac{3x}{2x+1} &= \dfrac 9 8 \\[5pt] 3x \cdot 8 &= (2x+1) \cdot 9 \\[5pt] 24x &= 18x + 9 }

Then, we apply the addition and multiplication principles, as usual:

\eqalign{ 24x &= 18x + 9 \\[5pt] 24x-18x &= 18x + 9 -18x \\[5pt] 6x& = 9 \\[5pt] \dfrac{6x}{6} & = \dfrac{9}{6} \\[5pt] x &= \dfrac{3}{2} }

Since x = \dfrac{3}{2} is different from x=-\dfrac{1}{2} , we can accept it as a solution. Thus, the solution is x=\dfrac{3}{2}.

FLAG

The solution to $\dfrac{10}{3x-8}=\dfrac{5}{2}$ is

a
b
c
d
e

Solve for $z$ where $\dfrac{z}{3z-9}=\dfrac{2}{3}.$

a
$z=-3$
b
$z=-\dfrac{3}{5}$
c
$z=6$
d
$z=4$
e
$z=-8$

Solve for $s$ where $\dfrac{2s+4}{2s+6}=\dfrac{6}{5}.$

a
$s=3$
b
$s=-8$
c
$s=-\dfrac{3}{4}$
d
$s=-4$
e
$s=-2$
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